turbayne



W. A. TUR'BAYNE.

STARTING AND LIGHTING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE- APPLICATlON FILED FEB.1|I9I5.

1 ,3 1 8,938. Patented Oct 14, 1919.

W. A. TURBAYNE.

STARTING AND-LIGHTING DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION rucn FEB. u. ms.

1,318,938. Patented, Oct. 14,1919.

2 SHEiTS-SHEET 2.

541M2 0. citiz'en of the United -T'o alt-whom it mm concern:

= Lightin r which the fo and exact descriptlon, reference belng STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. romaine, or and um m1 conronn'non, or

NEW YORK.

EA FALLS, NEW- YORKASBIGNOh. TO U. S. LIGHT NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF era-anus mcn'rme Dunno-ammo m'ecnnm.

Be it known t at I, WILLIAM A. Ton

States, residing at Niagara. Falls. in the count of Niagara and State ofNew York, have invented new and usefullmprovements in Startmg Dynamo-Eleetric-illachines of lowing is a full, clear, concise,

to the-accompanying drawing, forming a part. of this specification.

his'invention relates to starting and lighting dynamo-electric machines, and 1s .garticularly adapted for starting automoile engines and supplying theenergy for the lighting apparatus thereof.

' It is one of the objects of the resent invention to provide dynamo-electric mach-incry which may .be readily converted from -i Still Other objects will be in 'this invention to )l()\'l(l(' an effective electric machine wherein all the magnetic material in .the composition ployed whether motoring or generating and wherein all the parts operate to advantage without waste of energy or unnecessary wear.

Another object of the invention lies in the provision of a double armature dynamoeIectric machinehaving reliable means for preventing the exchange of current between the armatures. Q

T A further object is to provide a system involving a novel set of connections for the dynamo-electric machinery above referred to. another object of the invention is to provide improved inherent. regulating means tending to maintain the generated current within safe limits. 1

part obvious and in 'part pointed out hereinafter.

' specineation a! Letters Patent. 5 Application filed February 11, 1915. Serial 170.

had 7 thereof Is usefully em- Patented Oct. 14, '1919. 7,!i86. i

1.111 the accompanyingdrawings wherein shown one of various possible embodiments of'the. invention Figure 1 is a sectional view of a dynamo- BlBOtl'lQ vention.

Fig. 2 is a. section taken substentiallyon the line 2, 2 of Fig. 1. thFig. 3 is'a schematic plan View showing and connections 'bcgme.

linefi, 4 of Fi 3.

F 1g. 5 is a in circuit.

machine embodyin th pm t'ig iagram indicating the motor arrangement of parts, connections be-' tween the armatures tween the dynamo-electric machine and cm Fig. 4 is a sectional "view taken upon the ig. 6 is a diagramindicating the generatf circuit.

in gig. 7 is a simplified diagram showing the means for establishin the different (elec trical circuits. In the embodiment herein disclosed, the invention comprises a pair of armatures constructed on separateshafts' and 'ra tively arranged with a single field structure in a suitable housing. One of the armatures is of low resistance and the other of comparatively high resistance. for. reasonsvivhic'h presently will be apparent. When motormg the ariuatures act cumulatively to convert electrical energy from a storage battery to mechanical energy for engine 'startin'g purposes. When generating, however, only I the high resistancearmature is rotated, but

the entire field structure and'the low'resist- :ince armature are all employed in a. regulating scheme which maintains the current outut, within safe limits. 18 also provided for iently circuits.

A housing 1 is provided which [supports a field yoke 2 the latter surrounding rotary armatures 3 and 4 having armature shafts 5 and 6 which in turn are mounted in suitable anti-frictional bea 7 in the housing 1. The yoke 2 has the polar projections 8 F ig. 1), which A switching device quickly and conven'-' extend transversely opposite and betwcen'the armatures 3 and 4. The

vfield poles 8 and 9 are provided with a windmg 10,. connected in an electrical circuit with the armatures and 4'. The yoke 2 also establishing the diflerent electrical respectively the and 9 (as shown clearlylin tions fl 'and 12 arranged"adjacenttheme spectively opposite sides of the armatures 3 find-14. .The pro 'ection 1 1" is provided with n 5 'winding 'iii'dtn the rojection l2 'with a winding 14. v w

The armature 3 carries t small number of active armature co'nductorsdfi of large cross-sectional dimension, as compared with their-mature4,"whichlcarries a greater number of active armature conductors 16 of coinaratively small cross-sectionaldimension. iihe annnturela is accordingly of low anoe and them-mature 4'of high resistance. The armature s are connected for thetransmission of mechanical energy by means of a pinion 17 on the shaft of thearmature 3 'which meshes with a gear 18 connecting with the'shaft of the armaturet. Suitable menns 20' are provided for automatically interrupting ,this mechanical transmission when it 1s desired to use the machine as a nerator. Thc'se means will be more particu arly described hereinafter. 2s The internal combustion engine is, indienter! at 19, (see Fig. 3). This engine has a fly-wheel 20 fixed with'its crank shaft and the fly-wheel is formed with suitable gear teeth 21 adapted to mesh with the teeth 22 so of a pinion 23 carried by the shaft of the armature 4.

hen desired to use they machine for the purpose ,of starting the engine, the circuit connections are established as shown in Fig.

3:, 5. This is accomplished by means of a manually operated switch "which later will be descnbed in detail. V Referring now to Fig. 5 of the drawings,

a storage battery is indicated at 25 connect- 0 ed withJthe bzfore-mentioned windings and ormatuiies as follows :From the positive side of thebatterv an electrical circuit nniy lietracd through a conductor 26, a mum switch 27, a conductor 28, field winding 14, conductors 29 and 30, positive commutator brush 31, armature 3, negative brush 32, conductor 33, back to battery. Another circuit may be traced from the positive side of the buttery through the conductor 26, main to 8witch27, conductor 34, field winding 13,

conductors 35, 30,; brush 31 armature 3, brush 32, conductor 33 to battery. Still another electrical circuit mity be traced from the positive side of the battery through the switch 27, conductor 36, positive brush 37 of the armature 4, through said armiiture,

through the negative brush 38 thereof and conductor 39, back'to battery. The field winding 10 is connected directly across the :0 batter terminals. With the apparatfis connected as above set forth and as shown in Fig. 5, the current flows through the field windings 13 and 14- in equal quantities and then unites andflows throu h the armature do 8. In 5 and 6 the rection of cnrf 'thelcurrent flowsin an -u ward direction.

' to the stantially wholly p y to w s es I rent through the field windings is indicated bthe-crosses and dots; appearing thereon, t e crosses indicating that the current flows in' a downward'direction and the,dots that It will be apparent that with the field's and armatures connected as shown in .Fi 5,

41nd curren't :flowing inthe direction indicated by the'symbols, the magnetic force created -,will be in the direction indicated by .the horizontal arrows, the pro'ections 8 and v 9 and their cooperating wi'n ings forming north poles and the rejections 11 and 12 and their respective dmgsformin south poles. Bythe' above described fiel struc-' ture there is created a flux on the iii-matures 3 and 4 respectively in opposite directions. Assumi the electrical circuit to be established as s own in Fig. 5, it will be seen that the magnetic fluxrreated will rotate as the armature 3 in one direction and the armature 4 in theopposite direction. Each of these armaftures is subjected to a substantially equal magnetic flux and because of .the mechanical transmission a'florded b the pinion 17 and the gear 18, they wil 'act cumulatively to transmit mechanical ener inion 23 end there'throu h to t e crank s aft of the engine. It wi be obvious, therefore, that it considerable mechanical force is produced;

To obtain the force necessary to give the engine of an automobile its initial turning movement or cranking, it is desirable to use a dynciniwelectric'machim having sul'fi- 10o cient iron and copper in its composition to (arry suflicient magnetic flux and current to produce aromp'aratively strong torque, but the period of time ordinarily consumed n starting is so small as to be nearly negligihie when compared with the time that a dynamo-electric machine is required to 0p crate to maintain the storage battery or hot teries' in charged condition, and generally to generate current for the lighting apparntns, etc. Also, the generating-device is called upon to deliver a very much smaller amount of electrical energy than is consumed by the motoring device in starting. The present epparatus' is therefore bspe- 15 ciallyv adapted for use with automobiles, as by a simplcswitching arrangement, practically automatic in its action,the machine may be converted from" a 'motoring device, consuming a considerable amount of electrical energy from the battery, to a generating device producing .a substantial y smaller output of electricalenergy for recharging the battery and for lighting purposes.

Whether generating or motoring, however, 12:, no part of the magnetic material of which the machine is composed is idle but it is subusefnl "purposes.

of Fig.6 of the drjtufinzs An inspection will. reveal the electrical circuits as estab- .lished for the purpose of o e'ratm the device as a generator. It will note that the low resistance armature 3 'is' open-cir- "means connected as'when the device is used .T

, cuited at this time, and that the field wind- ,13 and 14 are arranged in series with as'2l. motor. 'Bymeans of the switching de- -viceindioated generall direction of the flow 15' crea ed "are. brought into action,

- tions in spa fThe, armature 2,. 43, said current through the field 14'is reversed, so thatthiswinding will act in opposition to the shunt coil- 10. The direction of the flowof current throu h the field 13 is not changed and the magnetic flux thereby acts .to divert a portion of .the'flux .tive upon the armature 4. It will be seen that by this arrangement two distinct forces tending to-causea reduction of the flux on the generator armature 4.' The winding 14 acts as a differential to reduce theflux through the generator armature by opposing theaction of the shunt winding 10, while the winding 13 actsto divert flux from-the generator armature b ydirecting it to the left through the portionpf .the magnetic circuit which includes the now idlearmature 3. Through the combinedactionsof .thewindings 13' and 14, it is possible to maintain the current, dc -livered by the generator armature at aclosely'consta'ntvalue, despite wide varia- 3, although stationary, andnob assisting in the generation of-,useful 'el'ectromotive force, nevertheless aid's'in' thescheme of 'self-regulation'of the deviccghy "acting as a. magnetic shunt under influenceof the winding 13.

It will be apparent, of'course, that as the speed of increase theamoun't of currentdeliveredto theextemal circuit, the windings 13 and it being' arrangedin the external circuit, will develop addedforce. The winding 13 will act-todiv'ert more of the active flux of the shunt' 'field' 10, while the winding 14 develops added force in opposition tothc force of the shunt field 10. By this arrangement the output 'of; the generator is, confined with-in .certain limits. r

device 40 comprises a push- Theswitching rod 41'carryinga pair of bridgingmembers members the rodas-indioated at 44. The

rod is mounted in suitable bearings'45and normally held by a spring 46- in c -nnections desircdfor position to establish vthe generating. Fig. 7 shows the switching device 40 in position to operate the device as a motor. A pair of contacts and 48 are engaged by the bridging mem er necessary for a brief-period,

at 40 in Fig. 7, the

of the. shunt coil 10 normally acincreases, tending to ,niaturcs 1'cs n-. rt.i\'oly,-in inverse .to the speed ratio of said al'maturcs as (he being insulated from V ing nto the construction cludmg the armaturcs an'd all the field wind- 42 of the switch, closing the electrical circuit through. the battery, the

field 13 and. field 14.- The second pair of contacts 49 '50 are engaged simultaneously l by the bri member 43 of the switch,

tery, t e armature 4, thearmature 3 and the shunt field 10. Asthis arrangement is only us h rod'41 as soon.

is adapted to return the c prcssurethereon.

as the operator relieves t he generatin matically esta ished by e return movement of the push rod 41.-

the" spring .46

circuit-.is gracticallylauto- .In generating, the current flows, from the positive brush ofthe armature 1; through the conductor, 26, battery '25, bridging member 43, contact 51, field winding 13 from top to bottonnfield winding 14 from top to bottom, bridging member 42, contact 52, to the negative brush onthe armature 4, through said armature and through the shunt Winding 10.

An-overrunning clutch 54 is interposed between the armature-s 3 and 4 and becomcseffective to interrupt the mechanical trans-' mission between the armatures when the engine 19 operates by its own power and turns the generator armature at a comparatively high rate of speed. .The clutch comprises the gear 18 interiorly recessed at 55, as shown in Fig. 4:, member 56 having cam faces 57 adapte to engage the rollers 58 and'wedge the same against the annular wall of the recess 55. The ratchet-shaped member 56 is fixed upon the shaft of the generator armature and the cam faces 57 are inclined in a direction which, when the armature shaft turns at a speed greater than the speed imparted to the gear 18, permits the rolls 58 to reccdc from their position of wedged engagement with the annular wall of the. recess 55.

Inprder that each armature shall develop the'same counter clm-tro-motivo force when motoring and therefore pro-vent the oxchange of current between them, the niachine is constructed with the ratio of the number of active conductors in the two arproportion tcrmined by the gran 18 and the pinion l7.

. As the magnetic fiolilacts equally on both armatures it will be obvious that by the above arrangement and constriu-tion equal. numbers of lines of force are "lit by the same number of conductors porgiven period of time.

In a machine of the character above do scribed, all of the magnetic material entcrings, is utilized to good advantage in starting when the heaviest work is imPosed upon the machine. -By a simple switc ling 'movement, the machine is transformed into a the machine, in-

ga're serv ng someuseful geiierator and while e d windings and r t'ures'haiie associatedtherewith .-a-'single field tramdkIf-dcsimd,

:eaehannatum may'have its own field .'frame-,2 though' slrch construcftion will not? "aeteristies re y In it should'ibe "preferred proper value, which machine lnternal combustion engine,

as illustrative and operate with a field neous y jail the mgnlatingchar- -to mount rate machines, the

the two at-matures. in-se field structureigshould; irect flux athrouglr said ax-matures in a substantial 15' 1y firedratm. That is to sa the flux threadingsone'annature should With a .predetennined"gear=ratio of the may "be determined either by calculation'or experiment, no circulation of current from through the other willoccur.

As many apparently widely difl'erent embodiments of the invention might, be made without de artingifrom the scope thereof, it is intend. that all matter'contained in the 'fore'going'description and shown in the accompanymg drawings shall be'interpreted not in a Iimitingsense.

What -I claim as. by Letters Patent of the United States is? i In apparatus of the character described, in combination, a Ldynamo-el'ectric machine-comprisi two armatures supported on separate sha and arranged to costructure common to both annaturesymeans adapted to energize said machine to set up magnetic flux throu in opposite directions, wer transmitting devices between sai armatures whereby movement of one may be imparted t'o'the otherin a relatively opposite direction, and an internal combustion engine (onnectinlg with said dynamo-electric machine.

2. scribed, 1n combination, a dynamo-electric comprising two armatures, a store battery, a field structure and connections :Iiereby both armatures are subjected conjointly to the influence of the battery, an

power transmission deviccs whereby said engine ma be turned over b the'combined torque of th annatures w en the dynamo-electric 'muohine acts as a motor to start the engine, and

means whereby one of said armatures' is automaticall disconnected operatively from the other w en said engine is acting under itsownpower;

3. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in com bination, a pair of armatures, a single field structure cooperatively associated therewith, a source of electrical energy means comprising conductors whereby said .armatures may 4: In dynamo-electric appaiatudlin opin- .i Jmature is adapted tofro ctd -to the 'ih'nr 'threading'ithe; other" armature. -:bination'="- one armature 7 new and desire to secure bothsfiid armatures simulta-- apparatusi of the character de-- be caused to act cumulatively as motors, and means whereby said armatures may be automa'tioally adiseonnected upon the -.-attain- ,ment. of: a :pre'deternrincd speed, by :one of :said:

binatiomfa Iowa-sentence a ma re, seem-q 4parativel high-resmtance matu e; a fi m?" .tures, means "whereby; saidga m u es m connected to; act cumulatlrelg. --for unotor ng,

andmcans whereby the; lug t.

independent y of said lowj r-res 'stance- 1 armature. 7 tg llfi 'r netic field structur common to hoth annastorage battery, .means-awhereby nertain fof said windings may .be included in selfifls with said low resistance tarmatureand certain other of said -'windings maymbe included -in shuntwith said armatures,= andw:mcans whereby the said windings formerly -in se- ,ries' with the'lowresistance armature may be included in series with said'highzresistance armature;

6. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in combinatiori, a low resistancearmature, a comparatively high resistance armature netiefield structurcrommon to both armatures comprisingi a plurality of "windings, a storage battery, means whereby-certain of said windings may be included in series with said low resistance armature and certain other of said windings may be included in shunt "with said amiatures, means whereby the said winding formerly in series withthe low-resistance armature may be included in means whereby said armatures are connected to act cumulatively for motoring, and means whereby the high resistance armature IIS adapted to rotateindependently of said low resistance armature for generating.

'i'. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in combination, a low resistance armature, 'a comparatively high resistance-armature, a magnetic field structure common to both'armahires comprising a plurality of windings, a storage battery, and means whereby certain of said windings may be included in series with said-10w resistance armatureand in parallel with each other andcertain other -of said windings may be included in shunt with said iii-matures; J 8. In dynamo-electricapparatus, in combmationfa low resistance armature, a com- 'parativel y high'resistance armature, a; magnetic field structure common to both iirma tures and "comprising a pluralit 40f wingimgs, a storage battery, means-whereby carso i a lowresistance-iarmat lre, I paratiirely; high resistance?arm'atum,;a magmag. v.

tain of said windings may be included in series with said low resistance armature'and in parallel with each other and certain other of said windings may lie included in shunt with said armatures nnd means whereby the said windings formerly in series with the low resistance armature n'lay ,be included in series with said hi h resistance armature and in series with one -1 other. 9. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in combination a low resistance armature, a comparati'vely high resistance-armature, a magnetic field structur common to both arma-' turesand comprising aplurality of windings', astora'ge battery, means whereb cer tain of said w-indingsmay be inclu ed in series with said low' I'GSlSt-BMCG armature and in parallel with each other and certain v other ofsaid windings may be included in 2o shunt with said armatures, means whereby the said winding formerly in series with the low resistance armature may be included in serieswith saidhigh resistance armatureand inseries with each other, means where 2 5 bysaid arinatures are connected -to act cumulatively for motoring, and means -whereb the high esistan'ce armature is adapte to rotate independently ofsaid low resistancc'armature for generating;

10. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in coinbination, an armature comprising a number of active conductors, a second armature comprising a" ater number of active conductors,'a fiel structure cooperatively associated 'w'ith'said armatures, andge'armg be tween saidarmatures, the ratio of the numher of active: conductors on the two armatunes respectively hein'g substantially in in- J'verse proportion to the speedratio, of said 40 armatures as determined y said gearing.

u 1'1; Elrrdynamo-electric;apparatus, in com bi-nat-ion a pair of armatures mounted on different shafts, a" single magne ic field structure" adaptedhtoq cooperate 4 th' said arrnatures, and means-whereby the apparatus ma be connected. to operate with one of said armatures nggenerator and' with a part ofsaidima' etic field actin in o position to the e ectivegfluiefon t e 581d 5 ohefari'nature. 12. In dynam -electric apparatus, incox'n-l iliination, .a pair of arinatures mounted .on

.difi'erent shafts, a single magnetic 'field structure adapted-to cooperate with said causing flux throng one of said arrhatures 5 armatures andi means whcreb'v therappa retus may be connected tooperiate with one, of said armatures as agenerator andwith a, part of said ma etic field; acting'to divert, smart of ,the efigiitive 'fiu'xon the generator armatiire. w I

. 13.- In'dyniiuio-electric apparatus in conihination,f-a pair of armaturesinouhted on diflerent shafts, a single magnetic field structure adapted toicooperate with said arniath'res, and means whereby the apps by said first portion. said first ratus may'he connected to operatewith one of said armatures as a generator, a part of said magnetic field acting -ll'l opposition to- .the cfl'ective flux on the generator armature and another part-of'said magnetic field acting to divert a portion of the eflective flux on the generator an nature.

' 14. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in com-' 1 the generator armature.

15. In dynamo-electric apparatus, in coinbination, a rotary'armature,' and a stationary field-structure, one portion of'said'field structure mating to setup a' niagnetic flux effective 'u pontion of saidfield structure acting to set up a magnetic flux upon said armature inopposition to said first portion and athird portion of said field structure acting to divert a portion of the effective flux set up by said first; portion. I

said armature, anothe'r'por- 16. lndylnnno-clectric apparatus; in com 9! -l'iination,' a rotary armature,-'and a stationary field structure, one portion of. said field structure acting to set up a magnetic'flux effective upon said armature, another portion of said field structure acting to setup 'a'ma'gnctic flux u on said amiature. in opposition to said' rst portion and a third portion of said field structure acting to diset up vert a portion of the efl'cetive ii rtion comprising a' winding in shunt wi saidarmature and said other portions comprising windings inseries with said armature.

.17. Inan applianceoftthe character dcscribed,' in" combination with an internal rm nbustion 'enginc,;an electric machine,.:m

armaturssfor .sald machine, fneans connected with said. armature adapted for driving connectionwith. said internal combustion engine, a second armature for said electric machine; Said armatures' being-aria ted to operate cumulatively in motoring, said electricfmahine 'liavin a field structure-'for combustion. engine, .an electric nachine, 'a pairof armatures for said electric machine,

Y'to establish a two armatures 16' through 'said armatures in a substantially fixed ratio, a train of gears adapted to be driven by the motor armature and ada ted to actuate the generator armature, bot of said armatures being adapted to exerttorque cumulatively, a clutch mechanism designed to start the engine and to disconnect said driving relation upon the en'gme operating under its own power, a

storage batter and means for said armatures to said battery for motoring functions.

29. In an appliance of the character described, in. combination with an internal combustion engine, a generator armature, means connected to said generator armature for permanent connection with said engine, a. motor armature, said armatures being ada ted to exert torque'cumulatively, and field structure for causing flux to pass through said armatures in a substantially fixed ratio, a train of gears connecting said armature shafts an automatic engaging and releasing cl-utc mechanism cooperating therewith whereby the each exert torque to start said engine, the driving connection between said armatures being disconnected automatically through connecting in parallel the action of the clutch mechanism upon t engine operating under its own power and remaining disconnected until the motor armature is again operated for starting purposes, a storage battery, and means for connecting said armatures to said battery in parallel for motoring functions. a

30. In apparatus of the character dc scribed, in combination, dynamo-electric machinery comprising two armatures, and field driving relation between, the,

two armatures may a structure for directing flux through said armatures in a substantially fixed ratio, and power'transmitting devices between said armatures whereby movement of one may be imparted: to the other, said power transmit ting devices being proportioned to effect a speed ratio between sai armatu-res substantially tocause the armature conductors to cut lines of force at equal rates.

31. In apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, chinery comprising two armatures, and field structure for directing .flux throu b said armatures in a substantially fix ratio, means ada ted to energize said machine to cause rotation of both said armatures simultaneously, and power transmitting dtivices between said armatures' whereby movement of one may be imparted to the other, said power transmitting devices being propertioned to effect a speednratio between said armatures substantially to cause the armatureconductors to cut lines of force at equal rates.

- 32. In apparatus of the character described, in combination, dynamo-electric machine y comprising two armatures and field stru are for directing flux through said arinatures, in asubstantmlly fixed ratio, power transmitting devices between said armatures whereby movement of one may be imparted to the other, and an internal combustion en gine connecting with said dynamo-electric machine, said power transmitting devices be ing proportioned to effect a speed ratio between said armatures substantially to cause the armature conductors to cut lines of force at equal rates.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two wit- 

